SP Industries Issues Technical Note on Freeze Drying

SP Industries has issued a technical note that compares and contrasts different techniques for primary drying end point determination.

There are two types of vacuum gauges/sensors that are routinely used in modern pilot scale and production freeze drying and lyophilization equipment. The technical note describes how capacitance manometers and Pirani vacuum gauges work as well as detailing their operational advantages and disadvantages.

By taking convergence data from a freeze dryer equipped with both capacitance manometer and Pirani gauge sensors, the authors demonstrate a reliable technique for accurately determining the primary drying end point.